Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, often accompanied by co-infections with hepatitis delta virus (HDV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), poses significant public health challenges worldwide. Understanding the epidemiological patterns and public health implications of these co-infections is crucial for effective prevention and control strategies.
Purpose: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and public health aspects related to Hepatitis B, including co-infections with HDV, HCV, and HIV.
Method: A systematic review of relevant literature was conducted to gather data on the epidemiology and public health aspects of Hepatitis B, HDV, HCV, and HIV co-infections. The search included databases such as PubMed, Embase, and relevant public health organization reports. Standardized search terms and inclusion criteria were used to ensure the inclusion of high-quality studies.
Result(s): The analysis of the collected data revealed a significant burden of Hepatitis B, HDV, HCV, and HIV co-infections globally. The prevalence and distribution of these infections varied across different populations, regions, and risk factors. Co-infection with HDV, HCV, or HIV further exacerbates the clinical outcomes and transmission dynamics of Hepatitis B, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
Conclusion(s): The findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive prevention and control measures for Hepatitis B, including targeted interventions for co-infections with HDV, HCV, and HIV. Public health efforts should prioritize vaccination strategies, improved access to diagnosis and treatment, harm reduction programs, and integrated healthcare services. Strengthening surveillance systems, promoting education and awareness, and fostering international collaborations are essential to mitigate the burden of Hepatitis B and its co-infections on a global scale.